Django

Using Modules

Using Modules in Python: Organize, Reuse, and Simplify Your Code

When your Python programs grow bigger, managing all your code in a single file becomes hard. That’s where modules come in! Modules help you split your code into separate files, organize functionality, and reuse code across projects.

Let’s explore what modules are, how to create and use them, and some handy tips.

What Is a Module?

A module is simply a Python file (.py) that contains definitions of functions, classes, or variables you want to reuse.

For example, math.py could be a module with math-related functions.

Creating and Using Your Own Modules

Step 1: Create a Module File

Create a file named mymath.py:

python
# mymath.py
def add(a, b):
return a + b

def multiply(a, b):
return a * b

Step 2: Import and Use Your Module

In another file (e.g., main.py), import and use your functions:

python
import mymath

result = mymath.add(5, 3)
print(result) # Output: 8

Importing Modules in Different Ways

  • Import entire module:

python
import math
print(math.sqrt(16)) # 4.0

  • Import specific functions or classes:

python
from math import sqrt, pi
print(sqrt(25)) # 5.0
print(pi) # 3.1415...

  • Import with alias:

python
import numpy as np
print(np.array([1, 2, 3]))

Using Built-in Modules

Python comes with many useful built-in modules:

  • math — math functions

  • random — generate random numbers

  • datetime — work with dates and times

  • os — interact with operating system

  • sys — system-specific parameters and functions

Example:

python
import random

print(random.randint(1, 10)) # Random number between 1 and 10

Modules and Packages

  • A package is a collection of modules organized in folders with an __init__.py file.

  • Packages help organize large codebases and third-party libraries.

Summary

Concept Description
Module Python file with reusable code
Import Use import to access modules
Built-in modules Ready-to-use modules in Python
Packages Organized collections of modules

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